I.  MARTIN LUTHER

1. And how is the word Reformation translated?
- From Latin. reformátio - transformation, correction
 
2. What was the second name (monastic name) of Martin Luther?
- Martin Luther (monastic name - Augustine)
Monastic name - required in case of second name change. In Catholicism in the case of ascension to the papal throne.

3. Who was ML?
- Catholic priest, initiator of the movement in the Church, later called the Reformation.
 
4. Who else worked?
- He was a teacher at the university
 
5. How many people did Martin's family consist of?
- Wife: Katarina von Bora.
Children: Hans, Elizabeth (pemerla a few months after birth), Magdalena, Martin, Paul, Margaret.
 
6. What was the cause of the Reformation, the last straw of Martin Luther?
- On October 18, 1517, Pope Leo X issued a bull on the remission of sins and the sale of indulgences in order to "Promote the construction of the church of St. Peter and the salvation of the souls of Christendom. Luther explodes with criticism of the church's role in salvation, which is expressed October 31, 1517 in theses
 
7. How is the word indulgence translated?
- "I allow" from Latin.
 
8. How many theses were there?
- 95
 
9. What is it, these 95 theses and what is their name?
- A work by Martin Luther, written in Latin, on the abuse of and trade in indulgences.
 
10. Martin Luther was very disappointed, but steadfast in his faith after a situation that struck him. What was the situation?
- A trip (easier) to Rome with another Augustinian monk. She struck him with the false piety of the local clergy and the complete absence of the expected atmosphere of holiness in the capital of Catholicism.
 
11. There was also a very interesting situation between Catholics and Luther with his followers, in which Emperor Charles 5 himself took part, being on the side of Catholics, awaiting the coronation from the Pope. What is the situation?
- The situation is the burning of all Luther's printed works by Catholics and the emperor, and in turn Luther's supporters, without losing courage, burn Catholic books.
 
12. What is the first, which part of the first Luther translated from the Bible? In what year? For how long?
- The New Testament. 1521     11 weeks.
He translated from Greek and Latin. But this translation was already published in 1522. Also, in 1523 the world saw the first performance of Martin Luther's Old Testament. One-third of Germans who could read at the time had a Lutheran translation Bible at home. Words such as Feuertaufe - baptism of fire, Bluthund - bloodsucker or spotted dog, Selbstverleugnung - self-denial, devotion, Machtwort - a decisive word, Schandfleck - a stigma, a stain of shame, Lückenbüßer - an inferior deputy - Lovogsmans Luther invented himself to convey the essence of the Word of God. He was also the author of metaphors based on the Bible, in particular, "Perlen vor die Säue werfen" - to scatter pearls in front of pigs "ein Buch mit sieben Siegeln" - the secret behind the seven seals, etwas ausposaunen - to blow something, "im Dunkeln tappen" - to wander in the dark "ein Herz und eine Seele sein" - to live soul to soul, "auf Sand bauen" - to build on the sand "Wolf im Schafspelz" - a wolf in sheep's clothing.
 
13. In what year did Martin Luther leave Catholicism irrevocably and become a member of such a denomination as Lutheranism?
- 1520р.
 
14. Where was Martin Luther born? Hint it was kyurfursvo.
- Saxony.
 
15. Name when he was born and when he died or how many years Luther lived.
- 1483-1546 or 62 years.

II.  YANG GUS

16. Who was Jan Hus?
- Roman Catholic priest.
 
17. Who worked?
- Rector of the University of Prague.
 
18. What work and who wrote about Jan Hus?
- "Heretic" T. Shevchenko. 1845 In the work, Shevchenko criticized the indulgence, describes the trial and execution of Jan, admiring his courage. The work was written after Shevchenko's meeting and conversation with Osip Bodyansky.
 
19. What is your origin, what empire / country did you come from?
- From the Roman Empire. Today's Czech Republic, Prague.
 
20. According to the teachings of which professor, theologian led the teachings of Jan Hus?
"John Wycliffe." This led to Hus's accusation of "heretical teaching."
 
21. The sharp intensification of the conflict with the Catholic Church occurred when Jan Hus opposed what?
- Declared in 1412 by Pope John 23 crusade against the King of Naples Vladislav I Durazzo. In his bull, the pope promised to forgive the sins of everyone who took part in the campaign. In response, John pronounced 23 curses on Gus, and Gus, in turn, turned to Jesus Christ, in our opinion, prayed, and none of what the pope said was fulfilled.
 
22.  What did Gus shout at the execution?
"Christ, son of the living God, have mercy on us!" (version of Jesus' prayer).
 
23. Where did the ashes of Gus go?
- Quite an unexpected turn of events, but his ashes were thrown into the Rhine to prevent worship.
 
24. Who did Gus prophesy about, saying, "Now they will roast a goose (because" Gus "means" goose "), but in a hundred years they will hear the swan sing and they will have to be patient"?
- About Martin Luther. Luther himself said: Gus prophesied of me when he wrote from his prison in Bohemia: "Now they will roast a goose (because" Goose "means" goose "), but in a hundred years they will hear the swan sing and they will have to be patient. ». And so it will be, if God wills.
 
25. When the words of Gus were spoken: What mistakes should I renounce, if I do not admit any to myself. I call on the Lord as a witness who did not teach or preach what false witnesses testified about me. The main purpose of my sermon and all my writings was to turn people away from sin. And in this truth, which I preached according to the Gospel of Jesus Christ and the interpretation of the holy teachers, do I joyfully want to die today?
- Before execution. He was last offered to renounce and live, but he, as you hear, did not renounce.


 
  * Tell a little biography of Martin Luther.

  Martin Luther was born in Eisleben, in the large pious family of miner Mansfeld. From the age of five, little Martin was already enrolled in a city school in Mansfeld. At the age of fourteen, his father sent him to study in Magdeburg and then to Eisenach. In 1501, Luther entered the University of Erfurt.
Once, having experienced a great shock during the thunderstorm, he vows to go to a monk and against the will of his father crosses the threshold of the Augustinian monastery, where in 1507 he was ordained a priest. In the winter of 1510-11, Luther and another Augustinian monk made a pilgrimage to Rome, which struck him with the false piety of the local clergy and the complete absence of the expected atmosphere of holiness in the Catholic capital. Disappointed but steadfast in his faith, Luther returned home and continued his studies and in 1512 defended his doctoral dissertation at the University of Wittenberg.

  * Name at least 5 more reformers.

Philip Melanchthon (Germany, 1497-1560)
Hans Tausen (Denmark, 1494-1561)
Olaus Petri (Sweden, 1493-1552)
Ulrich Zwingli (Switzerland, 1484-1531)
Jean Calvin (Switzerland, 1509-1564)
Thomas Cranmer (England, 1489-1556)
John Knox (Scotland, 1514 (?) - 1572)
Fausto Sotsini (Poland, 1539-1604)
 
  * Tell us about how Martin Luther is honored in our time in Germany.

  In the field of cinema - there are about 17 adaptations of Luther, in music an opera dedicated to Martin Luther was created in 2000, and also in 2007 a concert album "Sola Scriptura" (Sola Scriptura) was created - only a scripture that showed Luther's influence, also a portrait Luther is depicted on many stamps in Germany.

  * Tell us a little about the teachings of Jan Hus.

• Sacraments cannot be charged and church positions cannot be sold. It is enough for a priest to take a small salary from the rich to satisfy his simplest needs in life.
• Authorities that violate God's commandments cannot be recognized by Him.
• Property must belong to the just. The unjust rich man is a thief.
• Every Christian should seek the truth, even at the risk of prosperity, peace, and life.